Final answer:
Apple has adopted a closed innovation model by keeping its research and development activities within the organization. One example of this is the development of its iOS operating system, which is not freely available for modification and distribution. While this approach allows Apple to maintain control and protect its intellectual property, it may limit the company's access to external knowledge and perspectives.
Step-by-step explanation:
Apple has been known to adopt a closed innovation model, meaning that it keeps its research and development activities within its organization and does not actively seek external ideas and partnerships. This is in contrast to open innovation, where companies collaborate with external parties to bring in new ideas and technologies.
One example of Apple's closed innovation approach is its iOS operating system. Unlike open source operating systems like Linux, iOS is developed solely by Apple and is not freely available for modification and distribution by the public. Apple maintains strict control over the development and distribution of iOS to ensure consistency and security.
While Apple's closed innovation model has allowed it to maintain a high level of control and protect its intellectual property, some critics argue that it limits the company's ability to benefit from external knowledge and diverse perspectives.