Final answer:
The statement 'Reconstruction efforts should establish one law and one government for men of all races and colors alike' does not accurately reflect the central idea of the Frederick Douglass article or the historical context of Reconstruction, which was characterized by conflict over the extent of racial equality and citizenship rights.
Step-by-step explanation:
The central idea that does NOT represent the Douglass article concerning Reconstruction is that 'Reconstruction efforts should establish one law and one government for men of all races and colors alike.' This statement is not aligned with the historical context of the Reconstruction era nor Frederick Douglass's perspective, as provided in the reference texts. Douglass, along with other figures like Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner, promoted the integration of African Americans into Southern society and emphasized the necessity of black equality; however, the actual sentiment in the North and South was far less inclined towards true racial equality.
During the Reconstruction period, while there were efforts such as the Wade-Davis Bill and the establishment of the Freedmen's Bureau designed to improve the lives of southern blacks and integrate them into society with certain rights, the dominant attitudes were not supportive of complete legal and social equality for African Americans. The radical Republicans sought a more thorough approach to Reconstruction, which would grant African Americans full citizenship and equality, while President Andrew Johnson advocated for a quicker reintegration of the South with leniency towards the former Confederacy, reflecting a less progressive stance on racial equality. Throughout the era, debates on the concepts of citizenship and equality were prevalent, leading to an unsettled resolution.