Final answer:
Cloning involves creating a genetic replica of an organism using just one cell, containing all genetic information needed. The process, highlighted by Dolly the sheep's cloning, has significant potential but is ethically debated, leading to a ban on human cloning.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cloning is the process of creating an exact genetic replica, or clone, of an organism. In order to make a clone, a scientist needs only one cell because it contains the complete genetic information necessary to produce an exact copy of the original organism. This is achieved through a process known as reproductive cloning, where the DNA from the donor cell is transferred to an egg cell from which the nucleus has been removed. Advanced techniques in biotechnology allow the development of this egg into a new organism that is genetically identical to the donor. This was famously demonstrated with the cloning of Dolly the sheep in 1997. Although cloning holds potential for agricultural and medical benefits, ethical considerations have led to the prohibition of human cloning in many countries.