Final answer:
The direct primary, initiative, referendum, and recall had a significant impact on government by increasing citizen participation and providing a more direct connection between the people and their government.
Step-by-step explanation:
Direct Primary:
The direct primary allowed voters to cast ballots to select nominees for upcoming elections, giving voters the power to choose candidates instead of party bosses. This increased citizen participation in the electoral process and provided a greater and more direct connection between the people and their government.
Initiative and Referendum:
The initiative allowed citizens to propose new laws by collecting signatures on a petition, which would then be placed on a ballot and put before voters in the next election. The referendum process allowed citizens to demand that a law passed by the legislature be sent to voters for approval. These two election innovations gave citizens a say in the policies and laws of their state, allowing them to write laws, amend constitutions, and approve decisions made by the government.
Recall:
The recall permitted citizens to remove an elected official from office through a process of petition and vote. While not as widely adopted as the other innovations, it provided citizens with the ability to hold elected officials accountable and remove them from office if necessary.