Final answer:
U.S. foreign policy historically fluctuated between isolationism and internationalism, with the latter prevailing after World War II. Modern strategies include neo-isolationism, which calls for less involvement with international organizations, and selective engagement, focusing on national security without being the global police. Various ideological approaches like liberal internationalism and neoconservatism impact policymaking.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding U.S. Foreign Policy and New Approaches
The foreign policy of the United States dictates how it interacts with other nations around the world, involving the set of standards for its organizations, corporations, and citizens. Historically, U.S. foreign policy has shifted from isolationism, a policy of non-involvement in international affairs, to internationalism, engaging proactively in world affairs. Since World War II, internationalism has been the dominant approach, with significant policies during the Cold War era such as containment, deterrence, and arms control.
Modern approaches to U.S. foreign policy include neo-isolationism, which suggests distancing from certain international organizations while still participating in global affairs, particularly the economy. Another strategy is selective engagement, which involves maintaining a strong military presence worldwide without overextending into being the world's police.
Several schools of thought influence U.S. foreign policy, including liberal internationalism, which encourages cooperation with other nations; neoconservatism, advocating for a proactive use of U.S. power; and the idea of the U.S. as part of a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to maintain stability. At times, the U.S. employs a combination of these approaches in its complex foreign policy decisions.