Bronchiolitis is most commonly caused by RSV, leading to inflammation of bronchioles. PDA complicates bronchiolitis by increasing pulmonary blood flow. Nursing diagnoses, such as Impaired Gas Exchange and Risk for Fluid Volume Deficit, are priorities with corresponding SMART goals to manage the illness effectively.
Bronchiolitis Pathophysiology and Diagnostics
Bronchiolitis is a common respiratory infection in children, with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) being the most common causative organism.
It is characterized by inflammation and congestion of the bronchioles, leading to difficulty in breathing and wheezing.
Risk factors include prematurity, a history of atopy, exposure to smoke, and a lack of breastfeeding.
Diagnostic tests may include a chest X-ray to check for inflammation and a nasal swab for RSV identification.
Significance of PDA in Bronchiolitis
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) is a condition where the ductus arteriosus does not close after birth, which can complicate respiratory illnesses like bronchiolitis due to increased pulmonary blood flow, leading to worse respiratory symptoms.
Medication Rational and Contraindications
The prescribed medications for bronchiolitis should aim at relieving symptoms and preventing complications.
Contraindications would typically depend on the specific medication used and could include allergy to the medication, age-related contraindications or interactions with other currently taken drugs.
Nursing Diagnoses and SMART Goals
For a scenario involving bronchiolitis, two priority nursing diagnoses could be Impaired Gas Exchange and Risk for Fluid Volume Deficit.
SMART goals for each might include improving oxygenation to a normal range within 24 hours and maintaining proper hydration as evidenced by adequate urine output and normal skin turgor within the next 48 hours, respectively.