Final answer:
It is false to claim that no vulcanologists have been killed studying volcanoes, as even with precautions, volcanic activity can be unpredictable, resulting in fatal risks.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that 'no vulcanologists have ever been killed studying a volcano' is false. Despite their expertise and awareness of potential hazards, vulcanologists can still face fatal risks during their studies due to the unpredictable nature of volcanic activity. The risks are underscored by events such as the tragic 1991 eruption of Mount Unzen in Japan, where several vulcanologists, including Maurice and Katia Krafft, perished.
Vulcanologists continue to study active and dormant volcanoes to understand the mechanics of eruptions and potential hazards. Such research is vital, especially in densely populated areas near volcanoes like those in Indonesia. By closely monitoring volcanoes, scientists strive to provide warnings and maintain restricted zones to ensure public safety.
Living in proximity to volcanoes can be dangerous, but the threat level varies based on the type of volcano. For instance, residents of the Hawaiian Islands experience effusive eruptions, where lava flows relatively safely down the flanks of the volcano. Nevertheless, even with this knowledge and the safeguards in place, volcanic research remains a field with inherent dangers.