Final answer:
The two types of physiological buffer systems are the bicarbonate buffer system and protein buffers, such as albumin and hemoglobin, which work together to maintain the pH balance in the blood and extracellular fluid.
Step-by-step explanation:
Physiological Buffer Systems
The human body relies on multiple buffer systems to maintain the delicate balance of its internal pH, ensuring proper physiological functioning. There are two types of physiological buffer systems: the bicarbonate buffer system and protein buffers like albumin and hemoglobin. The bicarbonate buffer system, consists of a mixture of carbonic acid (H2CO3) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-), primarily regulates the pH of blood and extracellular fluid by reacting with acids and bases to minimize changes in pH.
Proteins including albumin and hemoglobin, serve as additional buffer systems. They contribute to maintaining pH by accepting or donating protons (H+) when there is an excess or shortage of acids or bases.
Overall, these buffer systems function cooperatively, responding to pH imbalances with chemical reactions that are rapid and effective, involving the respiratory and renal systems to remove excess carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen ions (H+), ensuring that the blood pH remains within the optimal range.