Final answer:
C. Ethnocentrism is the tendency to believe that one's own culture is superior to others, often leading to judgement and conflict with other cultures. It differs from altruism, which is selfless helping motivated by empathy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The tendency to focus exclusively on our own needs and the needs of our own group is identified as ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism is the belief or attitude that one's own culture is superior to all others. This concept can lead to a narrow view that judges other cultures by the standards and values of one's own culture, often causing misunderstanding and conflict.
Other concepts such as altruism involve selfless helping of others, often motivated by empathy, which is the capacity to understand another person's perspective and share their feelings. However, altruism differs from ethnocentrism in that altruism seeks to transcend self-interest and group bias to provide aid based on an understanding of another's needs.