Final answer:
Organic extraction, also known as phenol-chloroform extraction, is the DNA isolation method that uses phenol and chloroform to separate DNA from other cellular materials.
Step-by-step explanation:
The DNA isolation method that involves using solvents like phenol and chloroform to partition cellular material into several phases is known as Organic extraction. This technique is often referred to as phenol-chloroform extraction and is used to purify nucleic acids by separating them from cellular debris, proteins, and other unwanted materials. Organic extraction takes advantage of the differing solubility of DNA in aqueous and organic phases to effectively isolate it. During this process, a mixture of phenol and chloroform is added to the lysed cell solution, creating a biphasic mixture upon centrifugation, where DNA stays in the aqueous phase atop, while proteins and lipids partition into the organic phase. The DNA is then typically recovered from the aqueous phase by alcohol precipitation.