Final answer:
The excerpt from Julius Caesar contains an allusion, referring to the character Aeneas from Virgil's epic, the Aeneid, to compare past heroic deeds with those of the speaker. The correct answer is option a.
Step-by-step explanation:
The literary or rhetorical device represented in the excerpt from Julius Caesar is allusion. The speaker compares himself to Aeneas, a character from the Aeneid, an epic poem written by Virgil. This comparison sets up an analogy between the speaker's actions and those of Aeneas, who heroically saved his father Anchises from the destruction of Troy. In doing so, he invokes the cultural and historical significance of ancient Roman heroes to elevate his own deeds. The excerpt, by referring to Tiber and Caesar, packed with this historical imagery, specifically attributes a revered ancient legacy to contemporary actors.