Final answer:
The synonym that most closely captures the connotation of 'arguments' in the quotation is 'assertions,' reflecting a reasoned and logical defense of a viewpoint. The correct answer is option B.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of the quotation, the synonym that most closely captures the connotation of the word "arguments" is assertions. An argument, as used here, refers not to a stubborn confrontation or mere opinion but to a well-founded set of reasons, or assertions, intended to support a particular viewpoint or conclusion. This academic and philosophical interpretation of an argument aligns with Aristotle's understanding of rhetoric and underscores the importance of logic and reason in presenting and defending one's position, as opposed to engaging in quarrels or altercations.