Final answer:
Cry proteins are toxins produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, used to create insect-resistant GMOs in agriculture. They've led to environmentally friendly pest control by reducing the need for chemical pesticides. Genetic engineering also produces human proteins in bacteria and transgenic animals, revolutionizing medical treatments such as insulin for diabetes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cry Proteins and Their Applications
Cry proteins are toxins produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). These proteins are toxic to certain insects and thus have been exploited by humans to develop genetically modified organisms (GMOs) for pest control in agriculture. For example, Bt genes have been introduced into plants to make them resistant to specific insects, greatly reducing the need for chemical pesticides. This bioengineering feat has been beneficial in creating crops with better survival rates and reduces the environmental impact of agriculture.
Furthermore, genetic engineering has revolutionized the medical industry by utilizing modified bacteria, like E. coli, to produce human proteins such as insulin and human growth hormone (HGH). Prior to this, treatments for conditions such as diabetes relied on animal products, which often caused allergic reactions. The advent of recombinant DNA technology has allowed for the production of identical human proteins, eliminating allergic responses and revolutionizing treatment options for patients.
Additionally, transgenic animals like sheep, goats, and mice have been engineered to produce human proteins in their milk or eggs, making the collection of these medically valuable proteins easier and more efficient. This highlights the important role of genetic engineering in both agriculture and medicine.