Final answer:
The limbic system regulates various functions including emotional reactions, sexual behavior, respiration in response to emotions, and olfaction. Body balance is not regulated by the limbic system but by the cerebellum. Therefore, the answer to the question is option B: A, B, D.
Step-by-step explanation:
Functions Controlled by the Limbic System
The limbic system is a complex set of brain structures that plays a crucial role in managing a variety of functions related to emotions and behavior. The components of the limbic system, including the thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus, work together to regulate emotional responses, behaviors, and certain physiological processes.
- Emotional reaction (A) - The amygdala is significantly involved in processing emotions, such as fear and aggression.
- Sexual behavior (B) - The hypothalamus influences sexual motivation and behavior through its interaction with the endocrine system.
- Respiration (C) - The hypothalamus and limbic system can affect respiration, particularly in response to emotion, pain, and temperature changes, though basic respiration control is primarily managed by the brainstem.
- Olfaction (D) - The limbic system has pathways that directly process the sense of smell, which can evoke strong emotional reactions.
The option regarding body balance (E) is not controlled by the limbic system. The cerebellum, not the limbic system, plays a central role in maintaining balance and coordination of movements.
Considering these functions, the correct answer to the question of which functions are controlled by the limbic system, among the options provided, would be: (A) Emotional reaction, (B) Sexual behavior, (C) Respiration, and (D) Olfaction, which corresponds to option B. A, B, D.