Question

Which of the following are steps in query processing?

(a) parsing and translation
(b) optimization
(c) evaluation
(d) all of the above

Answer 1

The steps in query processing are parsing and translation, optimization, and evaluation.

Therefore, the correct answer is option d) all of the above.

Step-by-step explanation:

Query processing is the process of translating a high-level query, such as SQL, into a low-level query that can be executed by the database system.

This involves parsing, validating, and optimizing the query, as well as generating a query execution plan.

The steps in query processing are:

1. Parsing and translation: this is the process of analyzing the query and converting it into an internal representation that the database system can understand.
2. Optimization: this involves finding the most efficient way to execute the query, by considering factors such as available indexes and join algorithms.
3. Evaluation: this is where the actual execution of the query takes place, and the result is returned to the user.

Therefore, the correct answer is all of the above (d).