Final answer:
To adjust for estimated bad debts of $3,000 with an existing $800 debit balance in the allowance for doubtful accounts, a debit to bad debt expense for $3,800 is required, which accounts for both the new estimation and the correction of the previous underestimation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of this question revolves around the accounting concept known as the allowance method for recording estimated bad debts. Specifically, if a company estimates that $3,000 are uncollectible from credit sales and the allowance for doubtful accounts has a debit balance of $800, the correct adjustment to record bad debts for this period would be option B. This involves a debit to the bad debt expense account for $3,800.
Here's why: the current debit balance reflects previously underestimated bad debts, thus the new estimate must not only cover expected future uncollectibles but also correct the past underestimation by adding $800 that were not accounted for earlier to the $3,000 newly estimated uncollectible, summing to a total of $3,800.