Solar panels convert sunlight (electromagnetic waves) into electricity, demonstrating the energy carried by electromagnetic waves and their impact on matter.
Electromagnetic waves, encompassing a spectrum from radio waves to gamma rays, exhibit the dual nature of carrying both energy and momentum.
One illustrative example is the phenomenon of radiation pressure, a manifestation of the momentum imparted by electromagnetic waves as they interact with matter.
Consider the scenario of sunlight, which consists of electromagnetic waves, predominantly in the form of visible light, reaching the Earth.
As sunlight encounters objects, such as a spacecraft or even a comet, the photons comprising the electromagnetic waves transfer their momentum to these objects through the process of absorption and reflection.
This transfer of momentum can have tangible effects. For instance, solar sails utilize radiation pressure to propel spacecraft.
These sails consist of large, lightweight mirrors or reflective materials that harness the momentum carried by sunlight.
When photons from the Sun strike the sail, they impart momentum to it, generating a propulsive force that can be harnessed for spacecraft navigation.
This practical application of electromagnetic wave momentum illustrates the fundamental physics behind the interaction between light and matter.
The ability of electromagnetic waves to transfer energy and momentum finds application not only in space exploration but also in various technological advancements, underlining the profound impact of these waves on both macroscopic and microscopic scales.