Final answer:
Use of a one-tailed versus a two-tailed test of significance of the difference between two sample means depends on whether the participants were matched or chosen randomly. The statement is TRUE.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement is TRUE.
Use of a one-tailed versus a two-tailed test of significance of the difference between two sample means indeed depends on whether the participants were matched or chosen randomly. In a hypothesis test for matched or paired samples, the differences between the paired measurements are calculated and the population mean for the differences is tested. This test uses a one-tailed test because the direction of the difference is known. On the other hand, in a test of two independent sample means, where the samples are randomly chosen, a two-tailed test is used because the direction of the difference is not known.