Final answer:
The unique properties of carbon are tetravalency, catenation, isomerism, and allotropy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Carbon has four unique properties: tetravalency, catenation, isomerism, and allotropy.
Tetravalency: Carbon atom has four valence electrons and can form four covalent bonds, allowing it to bond with up to four other atoms.
Catenation: Carbon atoms can form strong covalent bonds with other carbon atoms, allowing them to form long chains or rings.
Isomerism: Carbon compounds can have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements, resulting in different chemical and physical properties.
Allotropy: Carbon can exist in different forms, such as diamond, graphite, and fullerenes, with each allotrope having distinct physical and chemical properties