Final answer:
The difference in the percentage of women and men voting for Hillary Clinton in the 2016 election demonstrates the b. 'gender gap' in politics, which signifies differing political preferences between the sexes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The fact that 54 percent of women and only 41 percent of men voted for Hillary Clinton over Donald Trump in the 2016 election illustrates the gender gap in American politics. This term refers to the difference in preferences, attitudes, and voting behaviors between men and women. Historically, the gender gap in presidential elections has become more pronounced since 1980, and women have consistently turned out in higher numbers than men, which has contributed to these differences in voting patterns. Notably, women do not vote exclusively for one political party, but there has been a trend of women identifying more with the Democratic Party while men have shown stronger support for the Republican Party. Interestingly, despite controversies surrounding Donald Trump, such as allegations of sexual assault, there was a smaller than expected gender gap in some areas like Florida.