Final answer:
The incorrect pairing from the student's question is 'd. Chloroplasts and cellular respiration' because chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis, not cellular respiration.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question of which pairing is NOT correctly matched with its related cellular function is d. Chloroplasts and cellular respiration. While chloroplasts are indeed involved in energy production, their primary role is in photosynthesis, the process by which plants capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy. Cellular respiration, on the other hand, pertains to the process in which cells convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP (adenotriphosphate), and while chloroplasts can be indirectly involved, it is the mitochondria that are the primary sites for this process in eukaryotic cells.
Other pairings in the list correctly match subcellular components to their functions: DNA determines physical traits, ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, vacuoles may be involved in exocytosis, and spliceosomes play a role in processing exons during mRNA splicing.