Question

Given what you know at this point about coral and the abiotic effects of enso, develop two possible directions of research that Liz should pursue to understand exactly why there was a decline in coral coverage?

Answer 1

Liz should research the effects of increased sea temperatures on coral bleaching and the impacts of ocean acidification on coral calcification to understand the decline in coral coverage.

Step-by-step explanation:

Research Directions on Coral Decline Due to ENSO

To understand why there was a decline in coral coverage due to ENSO, Liz should consider two research directions:

1. Investigate the impacts of elevated sea temperatures on the coral-algae symbiosis, known as coral bleaching, and the subsequent loss of coral resilience and ability to recover from environmental stressors.
2. Examine the effects of ocean acidification, resulting from increased CO₂ levels, on coral calcification processes and the broader impact on species that rely on coral reefs for food and shelter.

Through these research paths, Liz can assess the direct and indirect consequences of ENSO on coral ecosystems, contributing to declining coral coverage. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for the development of conservation strategies to protect coral reefs and the local economy, which is heavily reliant on the biodiversity and tourism that healthy coral reefs support.