Final answer:
The concentration of H₃O⁺ in solution B (pH 10) is 1000 times greater than that in solution A (pH 13), because each unit difference in pH represents a ten-fold change in H₃O⁺ concentration. The correct answer is option d.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks us to compare the concentration of H₃O⁺ (hydronium ion) in two solutions with different pH values. Understanding the relationship between pH and H₃O⁺ concentration is crucial here. pH is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydronium ion concentration: pH = -log[H₃O⁺].
A pH difference of 1 unit represents a ten-fold difference in H₃O⁺ concentration.
Therefore, a pH difference of 3 (from 13 to 10) represents a difference in H₃O⁺ concentration by a factor of 10³ or 1000. Hence, the concentration of H₃O⁺ in solution B is 1000 times that in solution A.
The correct answer to the question is thus d. 1000.