Final answer:
The correct altitude for geostationary or geosynchronous Earth weather satellites is approximately 36,000 kilometers above the Earth's surface, matching option 4 in the student's choices. This allows the satellite to remain in sync with the Earth's rotation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Weather satellites are placed at different altitudes depending on their purpose. Geostationary or geosynchronous Earth satellites are positioned in orbits that keep them above the same point on Earth's surface, which is extremely useful for weather monitoring. These satellites are placed at an altitude of approximately 36,000 kilometers above the Earth's surface. This is known as a geosynchronous orbit, which allows the satellite to stay in sync with Earth's rotation, completing one orbit every 24 hours and maintaining a constant position relative to the planet's surface.
Therefore, the correct answer to the student's question about the altitude at which weather satellites are placed above the Earth is 36,000 kilometers, corresponding to option 4 in the provided choices.