Final answer:
A settlement of people controlled by a different country that is usually far away is known as a colony. It's part of the system of colonialism, where a nation establishes control for economic benefits, and should not be confused with terms like city-state, clan, or tribe.
Step-by-step explanation:
The word that means a settlement of people controlled by a different country, usually far away, is a colony. The system of colonialism involves one group of people or nation establishing control over another, often for economic exploitation and to benefit their own interests by controlling trade.
Over time, these colonies could grow into vast empires, with a single European nation, such as Great Britain, having control over multiple different nations across the world. History has seen colonies established in heavily populated foreign lands, and the colonizing powers often considered these regions as mere possessions without concern for the potential statehood or citizenship of the people living there.
Other terms such as city-state, clan, or tribe, carry different meanings. A city-state is an independent city and its surrounding territory, a clan refers to a group of related families, and a tribe may pertain to the social groups within indigenous communities. These terms are not to be confused with colonialism, which is about the foreign control and settlement of territories.