Final answer:
The Petition of Right limited English monarchs' power by requiring king's need for parliament's consent in 1628.
Step-by-step explanation:
The document that limited the power of English monarchs by asserting that the king could not levy taxes without parliament's consent in 1628 during the reign of King Charles I is the Petition of Right. This critical piece of history extended the rights of 'commoners' and was a fundamental step on Britain's path towards democracy. It is different from the English Bill of Rights of 1689, which after the Glorious Revolution, further established a constitutional monarchy and outlined the rights of English citizens, including the requirement for Parliament's approval for raising money.