Final answer:
The word 'salamander' was combined with the last name of Massachusetts governor Elbridge Gerry to create the term 'gerrymandering', named after a district's odd shape resembling the amphibian.
Step-by-step explanation:
The word that was added to the Massachusetts governor's name to make the word gerrymandering is salamander. The term gerrymandering was coined from the combination of Governor Elbridge Gerry's last name and the word salamander, as a reaction to the redistricting of the state in 1812 which produced one district with a shape resembling this amphibian. The term originated from a political cartoon published in the Boston Gazette that criticized the manipulation of district boundaries to favor Governor Gerry's political party.