Final answer:
The Islamic Golden Age was the most scientifically and culturally advanced civilization prior to the crusades, with significant advancements in various fields such as science, mathematics, architecture, and healthcare.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most scientifically and culturally advanced civilization prior to the events of the crusades was the **Islamic Golden Age**. This period, which lasted from the mid 7th century CE to the mid 13th century, saw significant advancements in various fields. The Islamic Empire had thriving cities, a flourishing economy, and made major contributions to science, mathematics, architecture, and healthcare.
During this period, Arab and Jewish cultures preserved, translated, and expanded upon the astronomical ideas of the Greeks. Many of the brightest stars and astronomical terms used today are derived from Arabic. The Islamic Golden Age represented a time of intellectual growth and innovation, making it the most scientifically and culturally advanced civilization prior to the crusades.