Final answer:
Women officially obtained the right to vote after a long-fought battle by suffragists, strategic political pressures, and the eventual ratification of the 19th Amendment in 1920 following a Senate approval and intense activism across various states.
Step-by-step explanation:
For women to officially obtain the right to vote, it took a multifaceted movement that spanned decades, including the persistent efforts of women's suffrage organizations, changes in public sentiment, women's roles in World War I, and strategic political pressures applied to lawmakers. The National Woman's Party (NWP) was key in mobilizing support and putting pressure on politicians by threatening to oppose those who were against suffrage. Indeed, it was the threat of political mobilization by women in states where they had partial or full suffrage that convinced two-thirds of the U.S. Senate to approve a women's suffrage amendment on June 4, 1919. Following this, intense activism, including that of groups like the NWP and the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), was necessary to ensure the amendment's ratification by the requisite number of states, with Tennessee becoming the critical thirty-sixth state to ratify the amendment in August 1920, which led to the adoption of the 19th Amendment.