Final answer:
The careers that contribute to Social Security in the United States include doctors, healthcare professionals, teachers, educators, police officers, and firefighters; in fact, all workers in the U.S. contribute to Social Security and Medicare via payroll taxes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The different types of careers that contribute to Social Security in the United States are all of the above: 1) Doctors and healthcare professionals, 2) Teachers and educators, and 3) Police officers and firefighters. Essentially, all workers who earn an income in the U.S. are responsible for paying a percentage of their earnings into Social Security and Medicare, which provide retirement insurance and health care benefits to the elderly. This system is known as social insurance, where regular payments are made into the programs in exchange for future benefits upon becoming old or sick when old. The dynamism in various job sectors like health, which is experiencing growth across all occupation levels due to the aging baby boomer generation, highlights the need for an inclusive social insurance program. Even as some industries, like farming, face a decline, the workforce across diverse careers continues to support the Social Security and Medicare systems through payroll taxes.