Question

Parasitic worm Infestation is hypothexized to be damaging to the host. However, scientists have recently discovered that worm Infestation can relleve the effects of certain autolmmune disorders. In which of the following ways should the hypothesis be modified, given the new findings?

O Worm Infestation prevents the body from immune malfunction Borders.
O Worm infestation reduces the severity of certain autoimmune
O Autoimmune disorders result from being worm-free.
O Worm infestation reduces the body's ability to show symptoms.

Answer 1

The hypothesis should be modified to state that parasitic worm infestation can reduce the severity of certain autoimmune disorders, possibly due to a modulating effect on the immune system that includes anti-inflammatory responses.

Step-by-step explanation:

Given the recent findings that worm infestation can alleviate the effects of certain autoimmune disorders, the hypothesis regarding the relationship between parasitic worm infestation and host damage should be modified. These new insights suggest that while worm infestations are generally hypothesized to be damaging, they may also play a role in modulating the immune system in a way that reduces the severity of autoimmune disorders. This could be due to the worms' effect on the immune system, such as the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-10, which can down-regulate immune responses, potentially reducing the hyper-reactivity associated with autoimmune disorders.

The modified hypothesis should state that worm infestation reduces the severity of certain autoimmune disorders, rather than broadly asserting that it prevents the body from immune malfunctions or reduces the ability to show symptoms. Instead, the relationship is more nuanced, indicating that helminths may have both detrimental and potentially beneficial effects on host immunity depending on the context.