Final answer:
Certain exemptions allow securities offerings to bypass SEC registration. Examples include private offerings to a limited number of persons, securities of government entities, offerings of limited size, and intrastate offerings. Private placements and IPOs are contrasting methods of raising capital. All the options are correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
Under the Securities Act of 1933, certain offerings of securities are exempt from registration with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). An example of such an offering that does not need to be registered is private offerings to a limited number of persons or institutions. Other common exemptions include securities of municipal, state, and federal governments, offerings of limited size, and intrastate offerings.
A public offering requires registration with the SEC, where the company provides detailed information about its business, the securities being offered, and the risks involved in investing. This is typical for an initial public offering (IPO). However, exemptions to this requirement, such as private placements or sales to accredited investors, allow certain transactions to proceed without the extensive disclosures required by a registered public offering.