Final answer:
The Second Great Awakening resulted in a strong religious influence in many aspects of American life, including a significant increase in church membership, humanitarian reforms, and cultural shifts with the rise of new religious sects and educational efforts. Therefore, the correct option is B.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Second Great Awakening, which took place predominantly in the early 19th century, resulted in a strong religious influence in many aspects of American life, contrary to resulting in 'little increase in church membership'. It emphasized individual responsibility and the pursuit of perfection, encouraging Protestant denominations like the Baptists and Methodists to grow in both strength and numbers. Large gatherings at religious revivals were central to this movement, with preachers such as Peter Cartwright and Charles Grandison Finney creating intense, emotional experiences meant to reawaken faith.
In addition to the spiritual impacts, the Second Great Awakening spurred numerous humanitarian reforms. These included efforts to address issues like slavery, with varying regional perspectives as in the South, it tended to support the system of slavery over time, while inspiring rebellions among slaves and free black communities with its message of freedom and equality. The North experienced a surge in reform movements including abolitionism, prison reforms, and the establishment of utopian communities.
Moreover, society experienced a cultural shift with the rise of evangelical Christianity, as well as the advent of new religious sects like the Mormons and Shakers. This period also saw the formation of organizations like the American Bible Society and the American Sunday School Union, which aimed to disseminate religious education and materials.