Final answer:
Bacteria and fungi that break down waste are not consumers; they are decomposers, playing a vital role in nutrient recycling within ecosystems. Option 2.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that bacteria, fungi, and other organisms that break down waste are called consumers is false(2). Instead, these organisms are known as decomposers. Decomposers break down wastes and dead organisms into smaller molecules, which is crucial for recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem. This group includes bacteria known for breaking down dead materials and recycling nutrients like nitrogen, and fungi that get nutrients from decomposing organic matter, releasing simpler molecules that other organisms can utilize. Examples include bacteria that consume decaying organic matter in soil and fungi that secrete enzymes to break down substances like wood fibers.