Final answer:
The Protestant Reformation began in the sixteenth century, and the Old Deluder Satan Law (a type of Compulsory Attendance Law) was passed in 1647. Parochial schools emerged to cater to religious minorities, and laws were created to prevent public aid for these schools due to concerns over state sponsorship of religion. School prayer requirements were invalidated to maintain religious liberty and the separation of church and state.
Step-by-step explanation:
Matching Historical Items with Dates/Descriptions
1) Protestant Reformation: This schism in Catholicism began with Martin Luther and John Calvin in the early sixteenth century. It marked the beginning of a series of religious changes and the establishment of Protestant churches.
2) Compulsory Attendance Law: This refers to the Old Deluder Satan Law passed in 1647, which required that towns with specific population sizes provide schools for children to ensure they could read the Bible and understand their religion.
3) Established in Parishes Parochial Schools: Parochial schools were established in response to the public school curriculum's incorporation of many Protestant features, which conflicted with the beliefs of children from other Christian sects or from other religious traditions.
4) Public Aid for Parochial Schools Unlawful: In the nineteenth century, due to a worry about state sponsorship of religion, laws were passed forbidding government aid to religious schools as a response to the influx of immigrants and the emergence of new religious organizations.
5) Invalidated School-Prayer Requirement: This represents a safeguard against mandatory religious practices in public schools, reflecting the separation of church and state and religious liberties as interpreted by the courts in cases such as Wisconsin v. Yoder.