Final answer:
Charles Schenck was arrested for encouraging people not to serve in the military by mailing circulars to draftees. He was charged with conspiracy in violation of the Espionage Act.
Step-by-step explanation:
Charles Schenck was arrested during World War 1 for encouraging people not to serve in the military. He mailed circulars to draftees suggesting that the draft was motivated by the capitalist system and urged them to peacefully petition to repeal the Conscription Act. Schenck was charged with conspiracy to violate the Espionage Act by attempting to cause insubordination in the military and obstruct recruitment.