Question

A student makes a diagram to demonstrate how DNA encodes traits for organisms, known as the central dogma. Complete the diagram to accurately show the relationship among the structures, processes, and locations.

Answer 1

The central dogma of molecular biology explains the transfer of genetic information from DNA to mRNA through transcription and then to protein through translation, which is fundamental to trait expression.

Step-by-step explanation:

The central dogma of molecular biology demonstrates the flow of genetic information from DNA to mRNA (a process known as transcription) and then from mRNA to protein (a process known as translation). In the cell, DNA holds genetic instructions, which are transcribed to messenger RNA. The mRNA then travels to the ribosomes, where it is translated into a specific sequence of amino acids to form a protein. Proteins are responsible for a variety of functions in the cell and contribute to an organism's phenotype.

This core principle is foundational to understanding how traits are encoded and expressed in living organisms. RNA dictates the structure of proteins in a process called translation. The mRNA molecule is transported from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where the information in the mRNA is used to synthesize the corresponding protein.