Final answer:
A prediction in science is a statement about the possible outcome of an experiment based on a hypothesis and is tested through experimentation.
Step-by-step explanation:
A statement of the possible outcome of an experiment in science is termed a prediction. This can be understood in the context of the scientific method, which is a systematic means of exploring phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. To test a hypothesis, which is a tentative explanation that can be assessed by further research, scientists make predictions. A prediction specifically follows an "If... then..." format and suggests what we might expect to happen under certain conditions if the hypothesis is accurate.
For instance, in the case of testing whether eye spots on moth wings deter predation by birds, a scientist might state: "If a moth has eye spots on its wings, then birds will avoid eating it." This prediction is then tested through an experiment, and the results will either support or refute the hypothesis. If the experiment's outcome aligns with the prediction, it suggests that the hypothesis may be valid, but does not definitively prove it since future experiments may present contradictory evidence.