Final answer:
Matched causes with their effects related to plate tectonics involve the roles of radiogenic heat, friction at transform boundaries, and mantle insulation. These mechanisms lead to convection currents, earthquakes, and significant geological formations like mountain ranges and volcanoes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question is about matching causes related to plate tectonics with their respective effects. Here is the matched causes with their effects:
- Radiogenic heat rises to heat molten magma: Magma at the core-mantle boundary rises and convection currents are formed.
- Tectonic plates at transform boundaries experience friction: Pressure builds up, eventually leading to an earthquake.
- Earth is covered by a crust that runs miles deep: This causes the existence of a structurally complex planet with mountain ranges and various geological formations.
- The mantle is insulated from the atmosphere and retains tremendous heat: This heat drives mantle convection which in turn moves tectonic plates.
- Magma at the core-mantle boundary rises and convection currents are formed: This contributes to the dynamic changes in Earth's crust such as volcanic eruptions and the formation of new lithosphere.
- Pressure builds up, eventually leading to an earthquake: As tectonic plates slide alongside each other, the strain can cause the crust to break and slip, releasing seismic energy.
These concepts are key components in understanding the fundamentals of geology and the mechanics of plate tectonics, both of which have a profound impact on the structure of Earth's surface and the natural phenomena we observe.