Question

A client diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with GFR < 5 mL/min/1.73 m2 should be monitored for which fluid and electrolyte imbalance? Select all that apply.`

a. Polyuria
b. Hyperkalemia
c. Hypocalcemia
d. Hyponatremia

Answer 1

A client with CKD and a GFR < 5 mL/min/1.73 m² should be monitored for hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, and hyponatremia. Polyuria is not commonly associated with this stage of CKD.

Step-by-step explanation:

A client diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with GFR < 5 mL/min/1.73 m² should be monitored for several fluid and electrolyte imbalances due to the decreased kidney function. Key imbalances to watch for include:

• Hyperkalemia: Abnormally increased blood levels of potassium, which can occur because the kidneys are less able to excrete potassium.
• Hypocalcemia: Low levels of calcium, often due to impaired kidney function that affects the balance of minerals and hormones necessary for calcium absorption and regulation.
• Hyponatremia: Lower-than-normal levels of sodium in the blood. In CKD, sodium levels can be affected by changes in fluid balance and the body's inability to properly excrete sodium.

Polyuria, or increased urine output, is not typically associated with end-stage renal disease; instead, patients may experience oliguria or anuria as kidney function declines further.