Question

A client asks the nurse how the fluid in the ankles keeps coming back. The nurse shares with the client the principal causes of edema. What principal causes should the nurse review with the client?

1. Obstruction of arterial blood or lymphatic return
2. Increased capillary permeability or increased capillary pressure
3. Immune reactions
4. External pressure from tight binders or casts

Answer 1

The nurse should explain that edema is typically caused by arterial or lymphatic obstruction, increased capillary permeability, immune reactions, and external pressure. Underlying conditions and certain medications can also result in edema, and treatment focuses on addressing the cause and may include various therapeutic actions.

Step-by-step explanation:

The principal causes of edema that a nurse should review with the client include obstruction of arterial blood or lymphatic return, increased capillary permeability or increased capillary pressure, immune reactions, and external pressure from tight binders or casts. Edema can also be caused by underlying medical conditions such as hypertension and heart failure, severe protein deficiency, and renal failure.

Additionally, factors like damage to blood vessels, a decrease in osmotic pressure in cases of liver disease, and certain medications like vasodilators and calcium channel blockers can lead to edema. Therapy for edema involves eliminating the cause and may include exercises, elevation of the affected part, massage, compression, and decreased salt intake to facilitate fluid drainage and reduce swelling.