Final answer:
The longest continuous mountain range on Earth is the Andes Mountains, extending about 5,000 miles along South America's western edge and featuring over 30 peaks above 20,000 feet, along with a range of climates and active volcanoes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The longest continuous mountain range on Earth is the Andes Mountains. Spanning approximately 5,000 miles along the western edge of South America, from Venezuela all the way down to southern Chile, the Andes are not only the longest mountain chain but also boast impressive elevations, with more than 30 peaks reaching at least 20,000 feet. This vast range is characterized by numerous active volcanoes and a diverse range of climates due to altitudinal zonation, meaning the climate varies greatly with elevation. The Andes are integral to the physical geography of South America, affecting the climate, habitat types, and the cultures that have developed in and around this mountainous region.
In comparison, the Himalayas have the highest peak, Mount Everest, but they are not as long as the Andes. The Rocky Mountains are also a significant North American range but do not compare in length to the Andes. The Alps are well-known in Europe but are much shorter in length than the Andes.