Final answer:
In the 1930s, leaders in Germany and Japan rallied their nations' pride to unite the people and advance national interests, manifesting in aggressive expansion and militarism that contributed to the onset of World War II.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the 1930's, before World War II, leaders in both Germany and Japan used their nation's sense of pride to unite the people to advance the interests of the nation. In Germany, the rise of the Nazi party under Adolf Hitler was marked by stirring nationalistic sentiment and a promise to rebuild and reclaim Germany's lost prestige, which led to an aggressive expansionist foreign policy and militarism that set the stage for World War II. Similarly, in Japan, leaders like those in the military capitalized on national pride and a sense of supposed racial destiny to justify expansion into Manchuria and later other parts of Asia, under the guise of establishing their nation as the preeminent power in the East.
Japanese leaders also harbored resentment towards Western powers, fueled by diplomatic insults such as the exclusionary immigration laws passed by the United States. This sense of national pride and perceived destiny led to a united push towards military expansion, with the goal of establishing a self-sufficient and dominant empire in Asia. Thus, the answer to the question is option 1) unite the people to advance the interests of the nation.