Final answer:
Marcus Garvey founded the United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) to aid African Americans in gaining independence, promoting racial pride, economic self-sufficiency, and the long-term goal of creating black republics.
Step-by-step explanation:
In order to help African Americans in the US gain independence, Marcus Garvey founded the United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). In 1917, this organization was established as a fraternal entity that focused on promoting pride, economic autonomy, and a shared identity for people of African origin. The goal of the UNIA was two-fold: to uplift African Americans by fostering a sense of racial pride and to achieve economic self-sufficiency, with a long-term vision of creating independent black republics. Garvey's ideology included a 'Back to Africa' movement, advocating for the return of African-Americans to create these republics, a concept aligned with his Pan-African aspirations. Though some of Garvey's economic ventures faced failure and the UNIA's influence declined after his deportation, its legacy played a significant role in setting the stage for future movements such as Malcolm X's Black Power movement of the 1960s.