Final answer:
Agricultural societies rely on subsistence agriculture and cottage industries, emphasizing manual labor and control over work conditions, while industrial societies are characterized by commercial agriculture and industries with mechanized labor and regimented wage labor.
Step-by-step explanation:
Agricultural societies and industrial societies differ significantly in their production methods, social structures, labor systems, and economic activities. Agricultural societies are largely based on subsistence agriculture, where farming is done on a small scale to meet the direct needs of the farmer's family, with little surplus for trade. These societies are typically rural with limited technology, and they have various forms of cottage industries, where goods are produced manually in homes or small workshops. In contrast, industrial societies focus on commercial agriculture and commercial industries, characterized by large-scale farming aimed at producing food for the mass market. Industrial societies rely heavily on mechanized labor, which leads to more regimented wage labor and higher production of goods.
In agricultural societies, individuals often have more control over their work conditions, like when they work and the tasks they perform, while in industrial societies, factory settings lead to standardized work conditions with set hours and production goals.
Overall, the transition from agricultural to industrial societies marks a shift from manual labor and local resource dependence to mechanized production and a broader control over the environment's impact.