Final answer:
The questions are centered around Physics, particularly fluid dynamics and mechanical engineering. They require understanding of fluid behavior, pump efficiency, and calculations involving Bernoulli's equation or conservation of energy principles to solve for water flow rates and pump pressures.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of these questions is Physics, specifically focusing on fluid dynamics within the context of mechanical engineering. The questions deal with concepts such as water flow rates, pump pressure, and the effects of changing pipe diameters and heights on the pressure of the water.
In these examples, calculations would typically use the Bernoulli's equation or the principles of conservation of energy to determine the flowing speed of water or the pressure needed to pump water to different heights. In a real-world context, this knowledge is essential for the design of systems in fields such as civil engineering, environmental engineering, and mechanics.
The efficiency of pumps, the behavior of fluids in different scenarios, and various forces acting upon the fluids are central to these problems. These examples would typically be tackled by applying fluid principle equations and considering factors such as gravity, pressure differences, and the mechanical work done by pumps.
Your complete question is: A pump operates adiabatically with liquid water entering at 25°C and 100 kPa with a mass flowrate of 20 kg/s. The discharge pressure is 2,000 kPa. Determine the power requirement of the pump, the temperature of the water discharged from the pump and the entropy change of the water. Note: pump efficiency is 0.75; B= 257.2 x 10-6K-'; Cp = 4.15 kJ kg 'K*'; v = 1.003 cm/g (15 marks)