Final answer:
PCR is used both for diagnosing genetic diseases by amplifying DNA sequences linked to specific diseases and in forensic science to create DNA profiles based on Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) that are unique to individuals.
Step-by-step explanation:
The use of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in diagnosing a genetic disease involves amplifying specific DNA sequences known to be associated with the disease. In a forensic scene, PCR is utilized for DNA profiling to match genetic material found at the scene with a potential suspect or for identifying human remains. When diagnosing a genetic disease, clinicians use specific primers to detect mutations or markers indicative of a disease. Conversely, forensic scientists employ PCR to amplify Short Tandem Repeats (STRs), which are highly variable among individuals and can provide a unique genetic fingerprint.
PCR in Diagnostics
PCR plays a crucial role in the diagnostic process, allowing for the rapid identification of pathogens or genetic mutations contributing to illnesses. It is particularly valuable for detecting diseases early on, when they are more treatable.
PCR in Forensic Science
In forensic science, the focus is on amplifying regions of DNA that can distinguish one individual from another, such as STRs. This is essential for identifying individuals involved in a crime or in disaster victim identification.