Final answer:
Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment by an organism, allowing it to function effectively despite changes in external conditions. It involves various physiological processes and organ systems that regulate body temperature, fluid balance, and other vital conditions within specific ranges necessary for survival. option d.
Step-by-step explanation:
The maintenance of a stable internal environment compatible for life is referred to as homeostasis. This process is a fundamental aspect of physiology, where living organisms regulate their internal conditions to remain constant despite external changes. For instance, when humans are exposed to cold temperatures, the body doesn't freeze; instead, it employs mechanisms such as shivering to maintain a stable internal body temperature. Homeostasis encompasses the regulation of various factors such as temperature, pH levels, and ion concentrations within the body, ensuring that the cells operate within an optimal range necessary for survival.
Human organ systems are intricately involved in maintaining homeostasis by making constant adjustments. For example, to control body temperature, circulation adjusts to either release heat or contain it within the body. Similarly, the kidneys manage fluid balance by concentrating or diluting urine as required to retain or expel water, thereby maintaining stable levels of hydration.
Overall, homeostasis is crucial for health and well-being, as a failure to maintain these balanced states can lead to illness or disease. Each cell in the body contributes to homeostasis, ensuring a harmonious and functional living organism.