Final answer:
Organisms might self-fertilize because attracting mates is energetically expensive, especially when mates are scarce or when the organism is well-adapted to a stable environment. However, this strategy can lead to decreased genetic diversity, making it a less favorable strategy in changing environments. The correct option is c.
Step-by-step explanation:
Organisms might choose self-fertilization over outcrossing for several reasons. One reason is that attracting mates can be expensive in terms of energy and resources. When the living conditions are stable, and the organism is well-adapted to its environment, producing identical offspring can be advantageous as they will likely thrive in the same conditions. Furthermore, in environments where mates are scarce or in the case of a solitary lifestyle, self-fertilization ensures reproductive success without the need to find a partner.
However, it is important to note that self-fertilization often leads to decreased genetic diversity, which can be detrimental in changing or stressful environmental conditions. Cross-pollination or outcrossing, on the other hand, promotes genetic diversity and, thereby, the potential for greater adaptation and survival of offspring in varying conditions. In summary, while self-fertilization may confer immediate advantages in certain scenarios, it is not without its long-term risks.