Final answer:
Babur, a descendent of Genghis Khan and Timur Lenk, invaded northern India in the 1520s and established the Mughal dynasty by defeating the Sultanate of Delhi in 1526.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the 1520s, northern India was invaded by Zahir al-Din Muhammad Babur, who established the Mughal dynasty. Babur was a descendent of both Genghis Khan through his son Chagatai and of Timur Lenk, the 14th-century ruler who forged a vast empire in Central Asia.
Born in today's Uzbekistan, and having previously captured Kabul, Babur's military prowess and effective use of gunpowder-based weaponry allowed him to defeat the Sultanate of Delhi and found the Mughal Empire in 1526. The Mughals are known for their integration of Persian culture into Indian society, which was embodied in their architecture, literature, and bureaucratic framework.